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Understanding this threat, the CVBG expended enormous resources in its own anti-submarine warfare mission. However, a primary mission of the Soviet Navy's attack submarines was to track every allied battle group and, on the outbreak of hostilities, sink the carriers. Because the Soviet Union had no large carriers of its own, a situation of dueling aircraft carriers would have been unlikely. During the Cold War, the main role of the CVBG in case of conflict with the Soviet Union would have been to protect Atlantic supply routes between the United States and its NATO allies in Europe, while the role of the Soviet Navy would have been to interrupt these sea lanes, a fundamentally easier task. With the construction of the large " supercarriers" of the Cold War era, the practice of operating each carrier in a single formation was revived. These groups eventually formed the Fast Carrier Task Force, which became the primary battle unit of the U.S. By 1943, however, large numbers of fleet and light carriers became available, which required larger formations of three or four carriers. These single-carrier formations would often be paired or grouped together for certain assignments, most notably the Battle of the Coral Sea and Midway. In contrast, the United States Navy deployed its large carriers in separate formations, with each carrier assigned its own cruiser and destroyer escorts. The Kido Butai operated as the IJN's main carrier battle group until four of its carriers were sunk at the Battle of Midway. This task force was used with devastating effect in the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) was the first to assemble many carriers into a single task force, known as the Kido Butai.

The first naval task forces built around carriers appeared just prior to and during World War II. The CV in CVBG is the United States Navy hull classification code for an aircraft carrier. A carrier battle group ( CVBG) is a naval fleet consisting of an aircraft carrier capital ship and its large number of escorts, together defining the group.